Castell Cydweli / Kidwelly Castle
Sightseeing attraction | Kidwelly | Wales | United Kingdom
Kidwelly Castle, better known as Kidwelly Castle, is an impressive medieval fortress in the town of Kidwelly, Carmarthenshire, Wales. The castle majestically overlooks the River Gwendraeth and is considered one of the best-preserved castles in Wales.
History
The origins of Kidwelly Castle date back to the early 12th century, when Roger, Bishop of Salisbury, was appointed Lord of Kidwelly and ordered the construction of the castle and the adjacent town. Originally designed as a wooden ringwork fortification, the castle was attacked and captured multiple times by Welsh princes. Welsh Prince Rhys ap Gruffydd, known as "Lord Rhys", captured the castle in 1159 and was recognized as the ruler of the region by King Henry II. After his death, the castle reverted back to the Anglo-Normans. In 1231, it was captured and destroyed by Llywelyn the Great. Later, in August 1403, the troops of Owain Glyndŵr unsuccessfully besieged the castle, although they were able to take the town of Kidwelly. The castle withstood the siege until it was relieved by a Norman army in September 1403.
Architecture
Kidwelly Castle is an outstanding example of the development of medieval military architecture. The castle features a concentric design, with an inner defensive wall surrounded by an outer one. This layout allowed for the defense of the castle even if the outer wall fell. The inner wall is higher, allowing archers from both walls to shoot simultaneously, increasing defense effectiveness.
The layout of the castle consists of a square inner courtyard protected by four round towers. These overlook a semi-circular outer curtain wall on the land side, with the massive gatehouse near the river. Although Kidwelly's defensive measures were not as extensive as other major Welsh castles of that time, the focus of the builders was mainly on the strength of their walls and towers. The outer curtain wall features a staircase built against it from the courtyard level, a rare feature in English castles of that time. The river prevents a truly concentric design; however, a projecting tower protects the river side of the walls, and the final plan is very strong. The castle is relatively well-preserved and is managed by Cadw.
Significance
Kidwelly Castle offers a fascinating insight into the medieval history and architecture of Wales. Its well-preserved structures and strategic location make it a significant historical landmark that reflects the turbulent past of the region.
